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	<title>Comments on: Prop. 8 leads; Swearengin is Fresno mayor</title>
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	<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/</link>
	<description>Serving California State University, Fresno since 1922.</description>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-34486</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Nov 2008 18:38:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-34486</guid>
		<description>The problem with that analysis is that it ignores the fact that fundamental rights are not ABSOLUTE, the are just subject to strict scrutiny.  That means that they cannot be infringed upon unless the government can show a &quot;compelling state interest&quot; it has in mind and that the infringement is &quot;narrowly-tailored&quot; to achieve that compelling interest.  The California Supreme Court conducted this analysis in In re Marriage Cases, but to summarize, if the compelling state interest is encouraging long-term good social outcomes and proven social stability to the benefit of children, does a ban on gay marriage achieve those goals?  The Court relied on the evidence on the record, which included studies and testimony of experts on the subject that all confirm that same-sex marriage does no harm, and that witholding it actually DISADVANTAGES families and children.  That means, the ban is not narrowly-tailored to achieve the goal, thus the ban must fall.

The question then becomes, is there a compelling reason to institute a ban on polygamy and incest?  My preliminary response is yes because I believe studies show that group dynamics change things dramatically, and I&#039;m aware of no studies that show children of polygamous relationships are just as well off as children of two-person relationships.  If such studies existed, then perhaps there WOULDN&#039;T be a compelling state interest in banning polygamy.  You might still run into problems with doling out benefits to more people in some families than others, which might raise another equal protection question as far as the benefits go, but as far as calling the relationship marriage, perhaps not.

Same goes with incest.  As far as I&#039;m aware, the children of incestuous relationships are much  more likely to have birth defects.  Not to mention that restrictions based on familial relationship only foreclose a miniscule number of persons from marrying each other.  The ban does not have the far-reaching affect of stopping me from marrying millions of people.  But again, this should be debated on its merits based on the same standards, but separate from the question of same-sex marriage.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The problem with that analysis is that it ignores the fact that fundamental rights are not ABSOLUTE, the are just subject to strict scrutiny.  That means that they cannot be infringed upon unless the government can show a &#8220;compelling state interest&#8221; it has in mind and that the infringement is &#8220;narrowly-tailored&#8221; to achieve that compelling interest.  The California Supreme Court conducted this analysis in In re Marriage Cases, but to summarize, if the compelling state interest is encouraging long-term good social outcomes and proven social stability to the benefit of children, does a ban on gay marriage achieve those goals?  The Court relied on the evidence on the record, which included studies and testimony of experts on the subject that all confirm that same-sex marriage does no harm, and that witholding it actually DISADVANTAGES families and children.  That means, the ban is not narrowly-tailored to achieve the goal, thus the ban must fall.</p>
<p>The question then becomes, is there a compelling reason to institute a ban on polygamy and incest?  My preliminary response is yes because I believe studies show that group dynamics change things dramatically, and I&#8217;m aware of no studies that show children of polygamous relationships are just as well off as children of two-person relationships.  If such studies existed, then perhaps there WOULDN&#8217;T be a compelling state interest in banning polygamy.  You might still run into problems with doling out benefits to more people in some families than others, which might raise another equal protection question as far as the benefits go, but as far as calling the relationship marriage, perhaps not.</p>
<p>Same goes with incest.  As far as I&#8217;m aware, the children of incestuous relationships are much  more likely to have birth defects.  Not to mention that restrictions based on familial relationship only foreclose a miniscule number of persons from marrying each other.  The ban does not have the far-reaching affect of stopping me from marrying millions of people.  But again, this should be debated on its merits based on the same standards, but separate from the question of same-sex marriage.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-34030</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Nov 2008 03:57:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-34030</guid>
		<description>&quot;I don’t know, how about you tell me?&quot;
Well I think we have to look at why the state even cares about marriage / social order in the first place. Why does the state recognize opposite sex marriages? I think they do because of the long-term social outcomes, the proven social stability and benefit to children. This would indicate to me that government recognition of marriage is a privilege that is granted based on the merits of these unions.

In that case we are not dealing with fundamental rights and we have to look at the merits of government recognition of these private unions. Issues of merit are decided by the legislature and people of California as they are judgement/opinion issues. If marriage is a fundamental right then it would logically follow that group marriage, incest marriage, etc could not be denied.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;I don’t know, how about you tell me?&#8221;<br />
Well I think we have to look at why the state even cares about marriage / social order in the first place. Why does the state recognize opposite sex marriages? I think they do because of the long-term social outcomes, the proven social stability and benefit to children. This would indicate to me that government recognition of marriage is a privilege that is granted based on the merits of these unions.</p>
<p>In that case we are not dealing with fundamental rights and we have to look at the merits of government recognition of these private unions. Issues of merit are decided by the legislature and people of California as they are judgement/opinion issues. If marriage is a fundamental right then it would logically follow that group marriage, incest marriage, etc could not be denied.</p>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33977</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 11 Nov 2008 08:30:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33977</guid>
		<description>&quot;On what legitimate basis do we deny marriage rights to family members right now?&quot;

I don&#039;t know, how about you tell me?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;On what legitimate basis do we deny marriage rights to family members right now?&#8221;</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know, how about you tell me?</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33919</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Nov 2008 23:48:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33919</guid>
		<description>&quot;Allowing only gay siblings to marry but not straight ones is not equal, and it wouldn’t even pretend to be, its separateness notwithstanding.&quot;

On what legitimate basis do we deny marriage rights to family members right now?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Allowing only gay siblings to marry but not straight ones is not equal, and it wouldn’t even pretend to be, its separateness notwithstanding.&#8221;</p>
<p>On what legitimate basis do we deny marriage rights to family members right now?</p>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33913</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Nov 2008 19:16:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33913</guid>
		<description>&quot;Yes, but we treat people differently based on gender…just look at separate but equal bathrooms.&quot;

Come on now, you&#039;re really reaching here.  Allowing only gay siblings to marry but not straight ones is not equal, and it wouldn&#039;t even pretend to be, its separateness notwithstanding.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Yes, but we treat people differently based on gender…just look at separate but equal bathrooms.&#8221;</p>
<p>Come on now, you&#8217;re really reaching here.  Allowing only gay siblings to marry but not straight ones is not equal, and it wouldn&#8217;t even pretend to be, its separateness notwithstanding.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33833</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 20:24:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33833</guid>
		<description>&quot;My only thought on the issue is that it would treat people differently based on gender, which is also suspect. &quot;

Yes, but we treat people differently based on gender...just look at separate but equal bathrooms.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;My only thought on the issue is that it would treat people differently based on gender, which is also suspect. &#8221;</p>
<p>Yes, but we treat people differently based on gender&#8230;just look at separate but equal bathrooms.</p>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33825</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 15:55:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33825</guid>
		<description>Robert:  They can&#039;t say that now, after their decision in the first Marriage Cases opinion.  The whole point of classifying sexual orientation as a suspect class is that all sexual orientations must be treated the same.

I don&#039;t know how they would handle the question of gay brothers marrying.  My only thought on the issue is that it would treat people differently based on gender, which is also suspect.  The government would have to show a compelling interest in the difference.  I don&#039;t know how they would handle that situation, other than to say that it affects sooo few people that it&#039;s not going to come up in the first place.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Robert:  They can&#8217;t say that now, after their decision in the first Marriage Cases opinion.  The whole point of classifying sexual orientation as a suspect class is that all sexual orientations must be treated the same.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know how they would handle the question of gay brothers marrying.  My only thought on the issue is that it would treat people differently based on gender, which is also suspect.  The government would have to show a compelling interest in the difference.  I don&#8217;t know how they would handle that situation, other than to say that it affects sooo few people that it&#8217;s not going to come up in the first place.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33807</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:29:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33807</guid>
		<description>It is in an intellectual bind but could they say that same-sex orientation and opposite sex orientation are both protected classes but different protected classes because there are tangible differences between them? I also don&#039;t see their basis for denying gay bothers to marry if they permit other gays to. The genetic/child disorder harm claim would not hold in that case.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is in an intellectual bind but could they say that same-sex orientation and opposite sex orientation are both protected classes but different protected classes because there are tangible differences between them? I also don&#8217;t see their basis for denying gay bothers to marry if they permit other gays to. The genetic/child disorder harm claim would not hold in that case.</p>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33806</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:17:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33806</guid>
		<description>Since the Marriage Cases opinion ruled that sexual orientation is a protected class just like race or gender or ethnicity, the Court will have a hard time explaining why you WOULDN&#039;T be able to do those other things I just mentioned (there&#039;s no extra special protection for race, gender, or ethnicity that doesn&#039;t now apply to gays as well).  In the alternative, the Court would have to rule that it is, in fact, ok to vote by a majority to take those things away as well (even though it would almost certainly never happen).  The Court is in a real intellectual bind, it seems to me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Since the Marriage Cases opinion ruled that sexual orientation is a protected class just like race or gender or ethnicity, the Court will have a hard time explaining why you WOULDN&#8217;T be able to do those other things I just mentioned (there&#8217;s no extra special protection for race, gender, or ethnicity that doesn&#8217;t now apply to gays as well).  In the alternative, the Court would have to rule that it is, in fact, ok to vote by a majority to take those things away as well (even though it would almost certainly never happen).  The Court is in a real intellectual bind, it seems to me.</p>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33805</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 05:13:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33805</guid>
		<description>Robert: the lawsuits filed so far do not implicate DOMA; they stick to state law only.  We&#039;re trying to stay away from the current Supreme Court.  A loss there would REALLY be a setback, probably half a century.

I don&#039;t think we&#039;ll be seeing group marriages or incest if this falls.  The same-sex marriage court decision specifically ruled that out for now, and I think there is enough to distinguish them from gay marriage.

Junior:  That marriage is a fundamental right is a settled question.  The only question before the Court now will be whether taking that right away from only a specific protected class is a big enough change to constitute a revision rather than an amendment, thus requiring 2/3 of the legislature to refer it to the people rather than just gathering signatures and passing it by a simple majority popular vote.  If the Court is going to rule against us, I&#039;d love to see how they are going to reason.  Seems to me that this technically opens the door to an initiative petition by gays to strip the Mormon Church of its tax-exampt status (that wouldn&#039;t fly under the federal constitution, but that shouldn&#039;t matter, as the state constitution stands alone, and in principle, shouldn&#039;t rely on the &quot;backup&quot; of the federal constitution to protect fundamental rights).  You could technically gather signatures to strip women only of free speech or stop Mexicans from owning property (that would help the immigration problem a lot, no?)  The question is whether these changes are considered major or minor.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Robert: the lawsuits filed so far do not implicate DOMA; they stick to state law only.  We&#8217;re trying to stay away from the current Supreme Court.  A loss there would REALLY be a setback, probably half a century.</p>
<p>I don&#8217;t think we&#8217;ll be seeing group marriages or incest if this falls.  The same-sex marriage court decision specifically ruled that out for now, and I think there is enough to distinguish them from gay marriage.</p>
<p>Junior:  That marriage is a fundamental right is a settled question.  The only question before the Court now will be whether taking that right away from only a specific protected class is a big enough change to constitute a revision rather than an amendment, thus requiring 2/3 of the legislature to refer it to the people rather than just gathering signatures and passing it by a simple majority popular vote.  If the Court is going to rule against us, I&#8217;d love to see how they are going to reason.  Seems to me that this technically opens the door to an initiative petition by gays to strip the Mormon Church of its tax-exampt status (that wouldn&#8217;t fly under the federal constitution, but that shouldn&#8217;t matter, as the state constitution stands alone, and in principle, shouldn&#8217;t rely on the &#8220;backup&#8221; of the federal constitution to protect fundamental rights).  You could technically gather signatures to strip women only of free speech or stop Mexicans from owning property (that would help the immigration problem a lot, no?)  The question is whether these changes are considered major or minor.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33796</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 04:31:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33796</guid>
		<description>I would say that free association and the option to spend your life with somebody is a right. All adults have that right. Government recognition of someone&#039;s union (whether that be individual or group) sounds like a privilege to me.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I would say that free association and the option to spend your life with somebody is a right. All adults have that right. Government recognition of someone&#8217;s union (whether that be individual or group) sounds like a privilege to me.</p>
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		<title>By: Junior</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33793</link>
		<dc:creator>Junior</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Nov 2008 03:55:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33793</guid>
		<description>Is marriage a right? I don&#039;t know. We&#039;ve never been able to marry without the consent and recognition of the state. So it could be just a privilege.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Is marriage a right? I don&#8217;t know. We&#8217;ve never been able to marry without the consent and recognition of the state. So it could be just a privilege.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33786</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2008 23:55:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33786</guid>
		<description>How will DOMA play with this or will it have no effect because this is not in Federal court?

Also, do you think we could get things like group marriage and gay marriage between brothers, etc as they might fall under equal protection if this is is considered to fall under this?

I also wonder if this get overturned if it will trigger a Federal marriage amendment push. Who knows.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How will DOMA play with this or will it have no effect because this is not in Federal court?</p>
<p>Also, do you think we could get things like group marriage and gay marriage between brothers, etc as they might fall under equal protection if this is is considered to fall under this?</p>
<p>I also wonder if this get overturned if it will trigger a Federal marriage amendment push. Who knows.</p>
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		<title>By: John K.</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33777</link>
		<dc:creator>John K.</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2008 17:52:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33777</guid>
		<description>Well, I&#039;m not exactly sure.  However, if you read the brief in the lawsuit filed yesterday, it makes a great case for why exceptions to equal protection require a revision.  Basically, the initiative provision, passed in 1911, was itself only passed as an amendment, not a revision.  As used in this instance, it divests the Courts from their structural duty to enforce equal protection.  Equal protection is a bedrock constitutional principle, essential to the framework of the constitution.  The entire point of equal protection is to protect minorities against majorities.  Don&#039;t forget that the Cali Supreme Court held in the Marriage Cases that sexual orientation is a suspect class, JUST like gender and race.  If a simple majority can make exceptions to equal protection,for a suspect class, then it is rendered ABSOLUTELY USELESS!  In theory, if Prop. 8 were upheld, citizens can get a petition together, and a majority can ratify, laws that prohibit Mexicans from owning property, women from voting, Mormons from opening tax-exempt churchs.  Perhaps there needs to be a mechanism for making even such fundamental changes, but it simply cannot be that a bare majority can make such changes.  This issue can be on the ballot every year and keep swinging back and forth based on a few percentage points.  It&#039;s simply unworkable, and although this might be a novel argument and usually a longshot, I think this is the best case to test it because we&#039;re presented with several things that cause problems here, including the fact that marriages have already been entered into, and that the vote margin was SO slim as to call into question the volitiliy from year to year of the issue.  I think there is a decent chance the Court will rule this a revision.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Well, I&#8217;m not exactly sure.  However, if you read the brief in the lawsuit filed yesterday, it makes a great case for why exceptions to equal protection require a revision.  Basically, the initiative provision, passed in 1911, was itself only passed as an amendment, not a revision.  As used in this instance, it divests the Courts from their structural duty to enforce equal protection.  Equal protection is a bedrock constitutional principle, essential to the framework of the constitution.  The entire point of equal protection is to protect minorities against majorities.  Don&#8217;t forget that the Cali Supreme Court held in the Marriage Cases that sexual orientation is a suspect class, JUST like gender and race.  If a simple majority can make exceptions to equal protection,for a suspect class, then it is rendered ABSOLUTELY USELESS!  In theory, if Prop. 8 were upheld, citizens can get a petition together, and a majority can ratify, laws that prohibit Mexicans from owning property, women from voting, Mormons from opening tax-exempt churchs.  Perhaps there needs to be a mechanism for making even such fundamental changes, but it simply cannot be that a bare majority can make such changes.  This issue can be on the ballot every year and keep swinging back and forth based on a few percentage points.  It&#8217;s simply unworkable, and although this might be a novel argument and usually a longshot, I think this is the best case to test it because we&#8217;re presented with several things that cause problems here, including the fact that marriages have already been entered into, and that the vote margin was SO slim as to call into question the volitiliy from year to year of the issue.  I think there is a decent chance the Court will rule this a revision.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://collegian.csufresno.edu/2008/11/05/prop-8-leads-swearengin-is-fresno-mayor/comment-page-1/#comment-33757</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Nov 2008 06:09:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://collegian.csufresno.edu/?p=7189#comment-33757</guid>
		<description>To be a revision it must, &quot;it must necessarily or inevitably appear from the face of the challenged provision that the measure will substantially alter the basic governmental framework set forth in our Constitution. [Citations.]” 

I don&#039;t know if this measure would meet those requirements. I would like to know who governmental framework has been interpreted in the past.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To be a revision it must, &#8220;it must necessarily or inevitably appear from the face of the challenged provision that the measure will substantially alter the basic governmental framework set forth in our Constitution. [Citations.]” </p>
<p>I don&#8217;t know if this measure would meet those requirements. I would like to know who governmental framework has been interpreted in the past.</p>
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